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St. Peter's Square, completed in 1667, measures 240 meters in diameter and features 284 Doric columns. Visitors can access St. Peter's Basilica for free, while guided tours start at €25. The square can accommodate up to 300,000 people during major events, making it a significant site in Vatican City.

Published: 7/3/2025
Last Published: 10/1/2025
Updated: 2/13/2026
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All About Vatican City

All about St Peter's Square

St. Peter's Square, completed in 1667, measures 240 meters in diameter and features 284 Doric columns. Visitors can access St. Peter's Basilica for free, while guided tours start at €25. The square can accommodate up to 300,000 people during major events, making it a significant site in Vatican City.

Marcus Cent
Oct 1, 2025
7 min read
St. Peter's Square, located in Vatican City, showcases architectural brilliance and spiritual significance. This majestic square serves as the entryway to St. Peter's Basilica and symbolizes unity and historical grandeur. Walking through this expansive space, visitors encounter echoes of the past, offering a connection to the events that have shaped the epicenter of the Catholic Church. St. Peter's Square promises a journey through history, art, and faith.
All about St Peter's Square

All about St Peter's Square

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Part of our comprehensive guide

Complete Vatican City Guide: Everything You Need to Know — Check our complete guide for more tips and insights.

Overview/Introduction

St. Peter's Square, or Piazza San Pietro, serves as the grand entryway to St. Peter's Basilica, attracting millions of pilgrims and tourists each year. Designed by architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the 17th century, the square reflects the splendor of the Baroque period. The square's elliptical shape and sweeping colonnades not only create visual impact but also symbolize the welcoming embrace of the Catholic Church. An ancient Egyptian obelisk stands at the center, adding historical intrigue to the site. Whether witnessing a papal address or taking in the grandeur, St. Peter's Square offers a significant experience.
"Bernini's colonnade is a masterpiece of Baroque architecture, creating a space that both embraces and inspires all who enter. The square's elliptical design was revolutionary for its time and remains influential in urban planning today."

Professor Elena Rossi, Baroque Architecture Specialist, University of Florence

St. Peter's Square

Where is St. Peter's Square in Vatican City

History and Significance

The history of St. Peter's Square is rich and fascinating. The square was commissioned by Pope Alexander VII and completed in 1667. Bernini's design aimed to create a gathering space for the faithful to receive the papal blessing. The colonnades, consisting of 284 columns and 88 pilasters, form two semi-circular arms that embrace visitors as they enter. The central obelisk, originally from Heliopolis in Egypt, was brought to Rome by Emperor Caligula in 37 AD and moved to its current location in 1586 under Pope Sixtus V. Over the centuries, the square has hosted numerous historical events, including papal conclaves and masses. Its significance extends beyond architecture; it symbolizes the Catholic Church's influence. The square remains a focal point for religious ceremonies and gatherings, serving as a living monument to the Church's enduring legacy.

Architecture and Design

The architectural design of St. Peter's Square lies in its harmonious combination of form and function. Bernini's design features a trapezoidal entrance that opens into a vast elliptical space, creating a sense of grandeur and openness. The colonnades, adorned with statues of saints, guide visitors towards the basilica. The central obelisk stands 25 meters tall and is flanked by two fountains, one designed by Carlo Maderno and the other by Bernini. These fountains add a dynamic element to the square, their flowing water contrasting with the solid stone structures. The paving of the square features radiating lines that direct the eye towards the basilica. Each element of the square's design serves a purpose, creating a cohesive space that has attracted visitors for centuries.

Visiting St. Peter's Square

Visiting St. Peter's Square requires some planning but is well worth the effort. The square is open to the public year-round and is free to enter. However, visiting hours can vary, especially during papal events and religious ceremonies. It's advisable to check the Vatican's official website for the latest information on opening times and any scheduled events. The square is easily accessible via public transportation, with the nearest metro station being Ottaviano-San Pietro on Line A. For those driving, several parking facilities are nearby, though spaces can be limited. Security checks are in place, so be prepared for bag inspections and metal detectors. Dress modestly, as the square is a religious site, and consider visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds. Guided tours are available and can provide valuable insights into the history and significance of the square.

What to See and Do

There is much to see and do in St. Peter's Square. Start by admiring the colonnades and the statues of saints that adorn them. Each statue tells a story, adding layers of meaning to the square. The central obelisk, with its ancient hieroglyphs, highlights Rome's connection to ancient civilizations. The two fountains are particularly beautiful when illuminated at night. If you're lucky, you might witness a papal address or mass, events that draw thousands of attendees and offer a glimpse into the religious life of the Vatican. The square also provides views of St. Peter's Basilica, making it a great spot for photography. Take your time; the square is a destination that deserves your attention.

Tips for Visitors

To make the most of your visit to St. Peter's Square, consider these tips. First, wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be walking on cobblestone surfaces. Bring water, especially during the summer months, as the square can get quite hot. If you plan to attend a papal event, arrive early to secure a good spot, as these events can attract large crowds. Photography is allowed, but be respectful of those around you and avoid using flash inside the basilica. Consider downloading a map or guidebook app to help navigate the square and learn more about its features. Finally, take your time; St. Peter's Square is not just a place to pass through but a destination worth appreciating.

Nearby Attractions

St. Peter's Square is surrounded by attractions worth visiting. The most notable is St. Peter's Basilica itself, a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture and one of the holiest sites in Christianity. Inside, you'll find Michelangelo's Pietà, Bernini's Baldachin, and the tombs of numerous popes. The Vatican Museums are also nearby, housing an extensive collection of art and historical artifacts, including the famous Sistine Chapel. For those interested in history, Castel Sant'Angelo is a short walk away, offering panoramic views of Rome from its terrace. The neighborhood of Borgo features streets lined with cafes and shops, ideal for a leisurely stroll. Each of these attractions adds depth to your visit, making St. Peter's Square a gateway to Rome's rich cultural and historical landscape.

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Marcus Cent
Marcus Cent

Marcus Cent is the founder of Visit Network, a global portfolio of destination-focused travel sites. With over 25 years of experience in online travel and digital publishing, he specialises in destination research, tours and activities, and travel platforms. His writing is informed by extensive independent travel across Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, with a focus on practical, experience-based guidance.

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